Unit
2: Part 2 : Measures of Mortality
Measures
of Mortality
•
Mortality is the process of death and
Mortality Rate is the measures of death.
•
Death causes decrease in the population.
•
Generally death is caused by accidents,
diseases, ageing, natural disasters etc.
•
According to WHO, “Death is the
permanent disappearance of all the evidences of life at any time after birth
has taken place.”
•
The mortality rate is calculated by
different ways:
•
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
•
Age Specific Death Rate (ASDR)
•
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
•
Child Mortality Rate (CMR)
•
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
Crude
Death Rate (CDR)
•
It is the simple and commonest measures
of mortality.
•
It is the total number of the deaths of
a place in a year per thousand mid-year population of the same place and in the
same year.
•
According to
the survey of 2068, CDR of Nepal is 7.3 per thousands.
•
Mathematically, CDR = (D/P)X1000
•
Where, D = Total number of deaths in a
year
•
P = mid-year population of the same year
Age
Specific Death Rate (ASDR)
•
Age specific death rate is the total
number of deaths of population of any specific age group of a place
in a year per thousand mid-year population of that age group of the same place
in the same year
•
Mathematically, ASDR = (Di/Pi)X1000
•
Where, Di = Total deaths in a
certain age group in a year
•
Pi = Mid-year population of the same age group in
the same year.
•
It is better than CDR.
•
It can be calculated separately for
males and females.
Infant
Mortality Rate (IMR)
•
If a child dies within a year of its
birth, then it is termed as Infant Mortality.
•
IMR is
defined as the total number of deaths of children under one year of age of a
place in a year per thousand live births of the place during the same year.
•
It is a good indicator of a nation’s
social, economic and health condition.
•
Mathematically, IMR = (D0/P0)X1000
•
Where, D0 = Total deaths of infants
below 1 year
•
P0 = total live births of infants below one year
in the same year.
Child
Mortality Rate (CMR)
•
It is the total number of deaths of 0-5
years children of a place in a given year divided by thousands live births of
the same place during the same year.
•
This is a ratio.
•
Mathematically, CMR = (C/P)X1000
•
Where, C = Total death of children under
five year in a year
•
P = Total birth of children less than
five years in the same year.
Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR)
•
Maternal death (WHO): “The death of
woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy,
irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related
to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental of
incidental cause.”
•
MMR is defined as the total number of
death of mothers due to cause related to reproduction within a year per lakh
total live birth of children.
•
Mathematically, MMR = (Dp/B)X100000
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Where, Dp = Total number of death of mothers within a
year due to reproduction caused problems
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B = Total live birth of children during
the year.
Sampled
Very Short Questions
•
What is the formula to calculate
CDR?
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What is the formula to calculate
IMR?
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Define maternal mortality.
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Define infant mortality.
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How can you calculate ASDR?
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What is the CDR of Nepal according
to the survey of 2068?
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How is death measured?
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Define IMR.
Sampled
Short Questions
•
Write down the methods of measures
of mortality and define them.
•
The mid-year population of the age
group 0-4 years of a town was 45,000 in 2071 B.S. in the same year. 1,550
people of that age group died. Find the ASDR of the place of the year. (Ans.:
34.45 per thousand)
•
The total number of live birth of a
municipality in 2072 B.S. was 3000. Out of them 60 infants died due to some
diseases before reaching one year. Find out infant mortality rate of that
municipality (or Calculate suitable mortality). (Ans.: 20 per thousand)
•
Thank you and to be continued in
part 3… …
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